An essential conference for professionals with an interest in Scottish education, including: teachers, teacher educators, policy makers, and leaders from schools and local authorities.
The quality of teaching and learning experiences is known to have the greatest impact on the achievement of our young people. Curriculum for Excellence, the Donaldson Report, new Professional Standards, and other significant national developments … in a changing climate across Scotland’s learning landscape, how can these transformational elements best be developed?
Featuring invigorating debates, stimulating challenges and thought-provoking speakers, this conference will enable up to two hundred delegates to engage deeply, practically and creatively with current thinking, developments and opportunities. Participants can contribute to sharply-focused learning conversations, experience motivating presentations and contributions from key individuals and agencies in Scotland, and choose from a variety of relevant workshops.
The main keynote speaker, Professor Sir Tim Brighouse, will bring lessons from beyond Scotland, particularly from the London Challenge, with an emphasis on CPD and strategies for developing teacher professionalism.
Lunch and refreshments are included.
This conference is organised by the Association of Chartered Teachers Scotland, with the support of our conference sponsors:
The Scottish Government, The General Teaching Council for Scotland, The Educational Institute of Scotland, the Association of Teachers and Lecturers, Voice, The Open University, and the Schools of Education of the University of the West of Scotland, the University of Strathclyde, and the University of Aberdeen.
The conference programme will be issued to delegates on 18th January.
ACTS is a registered charity. Scottish charity number: SC041390
How challenging can it be for today’s teachers, in the present economic climate, to access an afternoon of quality CPD? An enthusiastic delegation of Dutch colleagues visited Glasgow to explore a range of issues, one of which was of particular interest to Chartered Teachers, namely, how an effective Masters-level teaching force might be developed in the Netherlands. As a member of the Association of Chartered Teachers Scotland, I was keen to discover what colleagues in the Netherlands were currently thinking and what we might learn from them.
Following a brief – and typically, witty- introduction from David Cameron (the Real…Ltd), David Noble, Chair of ACTS, delivered a summary of Scottish education’s ambitious Masters-level programme which began with pilot modules in 2001, and described its evolutionary – perhaps now catalytic – impact on CPD and GTCS Standards to date, not solely within the recently updated Standard for Chartered Teacher, but also the undoubted influence on forthcoming developments, which will present Scotland’s teachers with opportunities to engage in CPD within an improved, more challenging framework.
André Koffeman then presented an overview of ‘Masters-level professional learning in Holland’, first posing the question, ’For an uncertain future, how can we know how to teach and what to teach? ’. He then highlighted some thought-provoking research by van de Grift (2009, 2010), whose findings suggested that in Holland, the average teacher reaches just two-thirds of their potential, in that within a 5 – 10 year period of teaching, they reach a peak in their experience, with a plateau effect thereafter. Aiming for ‘collective professionalism’ in addition to ‘individual professionalism’, and in endeavouring to create ‘a social context in which staff start learning again’, Action Research and Professional Learning Communities are identified as a viable way forward. In concluding, Andre encouraged us to reflect on what we do as teachers, and to promote the positive message that ‘Learning is a good thing, ‘otherwise, how will pupils learn?’
Language proved no barrier when facilitating one of several ‘break-out’ groups, comprising Chartered Teachers and leading academics, together with Dutch teachers and lecturers. Excellent examples of recent Masters research in Scottish schools were presented, with most groups so thoroughly engrossed in enquiry that it necessitated some ‘rounding up’ to return to the Plenary. At this point, the future of Masters-level professional learning was examined, in addition to a hint of what the GTCS may have in store, via the National Partnership Group.
In concluding this inspiring afternoon, there was a consensus that in identifying common challenges and aspirations, useful links could be established with our counterparts in Holland – and beyond – supporting a growing culture of teachers learning from one another.
Julie Tormey, M.Ed.
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NATURE & DEPTH OF DISCUSSIONS
After a brief introduction to the Chartered Teacher scheme and the Dutch understanding of the term professional learning and the need to undertake such, Dutch and Scottish colleagues had self-organised into 7 groups.
I presented the small scale action research project that I undertook as part of my MTeach, afterwards fielding questions from all sides.
Not unusual for disconnects to occur between different participants in learning. The vertical group research revealed a mismatch between the pupils’ true experiences and teachers assumptions of pupils’ experiences and a disconnect between the Headteacher’s assumptions about the teachers’ experiences and the truth of teachers’ experiences. Monique, a teacher in a Dutch vocational secondary school, lamented how her students often seemed unable to identify opportunities to apply their classroom learning when out on work placements.
Some of those who had chosen (Scotland)/been chosen (Holland) to undertake Masters level professional learning in both the Netherlands and Scotland had experienced a degree of professional jealousy directed towards them by colleagues.
INTENDED OUTCOMES
On a personal level, to share my research with others who had gone through the same process and understood the process, the emotions and the demands of a teacher-learner-researcher that were involved.
ONGOING ACTIONS OF CHARTERED TEACHER
Individually:
Complete follow-up action research to explore impact of initial investigation into vertical groups in my setting.
Display initial and follow-up research posters at the Scottish Educational Research Association (SERA) 37th annual conference in November.
Complete my MTeach – remaining modules are ‘Chartered Teachers as Catalyst of Change’ and ‘Chartered Teachers as Knowledge Creators’ (dissertation).
Collectively:
Consolidate ACTS (despite everything), start work on formalising international network of educators involved in professional learning & research
PRESENTATION TO SCOTTISH & DUTCH COLLEAGUES on 19th September 2012
I was 11 years into my career when I embarked on the Chartered Teacher programme in 2010. Currently, I am half way through my MTeach at Edinburgh University.
‘Vertically Challenged? What do vertical groups look like in my setting? What has been their impact?’ was a small scale action research project that investigated a new mixed age grouping practice called vertical groups that had been introduced at my school. Vertical groups take place once a week for about an hour and involve all pupils, teachers and support staff in the mainstream part of the school. There are 12 groups with a teacher for each, and every group has about 18 children in it. It’s vertical because there’s a mix of children from each stage in the school from P1 through to P7. In their first year, the vertical group sessions took in citizenship issues such as Fairtrade, the UNCRC and bullying.
The research developed from a couple of concerns I had.
Firstly, I wasn’t sure that I really understood the rationale behind the change that had been brought in by the Senior Management Team.
Secondly, although the general impression of vertical groups from participants and facilitators was positive, I worried that perhaps the youngest pupils were overwhelmed or even intimidated in the groups because numbers wise at least the groups were dominated by pupils all older them.
I collected evidence from teaching and non-teaching staff, managers and pupils. I gathered together photographs, film and drawings in addition to carrying out group and one-to-one interviews.
After analysis of all the data, several issues came to the fore. First of all, my initial worry about the younger pupils appeared to be unfounded. This was good, although I should admit that due to time constraints, I was unable talk with the children about their drawings in order to verify my interpretations but I feel that the preponderance of smiley faces and bright colours tells the story of their positive experiences.
Some quite stark disconnects were revealed between what teachers believed about the pupil experience and what pupils themselves thought. For example, some teachers categorically stated that particular named children were not enjoying or getting anything out of vertical groups for a specific reason ie: elective mutism or autism, meanwhile the drawings done by those particular children were amongst the smiliest and most colourful of all, indicating quite the opposite. Rather that their engagement with this new and novel way of working, was on their own terms.
There was also a mismatch between what the HT thought about the teacher experience of vertical groups and what teachers thought. Talking about the content of the different vertical group sessions in her interview, the HT said that ‘the staff have had input beforehand and the leaders or co-leaders have been trained for anything that they’ve had to take forward’. In reality, one member of staff was charged with planning the lesson every week for all 12 groups and during data collection, the staff as a whole lamented the lack of advance notification regarding the content of the vertical group sessions. And, while the pupil leaders were very enthusiastic and took their responsibilities very seriously, most were often underprepared for communicating the content of the lessons effectively because advance planning and review were not built-in and simply had not occurred. Related literature underlined the extent to which a high level of organisation, planning and ongoing support for all participants was required for such a structural transformation to become a successful and sustainable practice.
As for the rationale behind vertical groups, the HT explained that she thought it was a great way to broaden pupil voice in the school. She also believed it was a way of improving relationships across the whole school community. This view was certainly supported by the data I collected in school. Reading the literature helped me understand that while there is no one grouping practice which suits everybody, there was a strong evidence base for the HT’s contention that vertical groups would bring about more widely distributed pupil voice and stronger community feeling.
In the wake of the research several things have happened.
Though the research was ostensibly carried out for a university assignment, fortunately my Headteacher has been very supportive throughout and she asked me to present it to colleagues at school.
Following on from that presentation, changes were made to vertical groups so that planning is now shared across the whole staff, the pupil leaders have access to all the lesson plans weeks in advance so there is a far greater degree of ownership and understanding of the content from pupils and staff.
Since the start of this academic year, more mixed-age working opportunities have been incorporated into the timetable.
And on a personal note, the profound understanding I achieved through the critical thinking processes that underpin the action research left me feeling empowered and with an increased sense of agency and self-efficacy. I think that the confidence derived from my studies undoubtedly helped me succeed at interview for a secondment to a national organisation. I genuinely believe that had I not engaged in this style of professional learning, none of it would have ever happened.
Lynne Jones
Chartered Teacher
West Lothian
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The Dutch visitors were informed of the educational changes implemented by the Mc Crone Agreement and the different routes that had been pursued by teachers wishing to attain Chartered Teacher Status.
These routes have included the following:
(This route attracted many teachers who had previously held promoted posts such as APT and ST. The McCrone agreement proposed a reconstruction of the teaching career routes. These positions were eliminated with a view to maintaining good teachers in the classroom.
Regardless of the route chosen, Chartered Teachers have demonstrated that they possess a wealth of experience in their subject discipline and wider educational issues. They are a highly skilled human resource. Chartered Teachers have recognised that the programme was an excellent professional development opportunity. It has been aligned to the highest professional standards set by the GTCS.
Engaging in Practitioner Action Research has transformed the practice of many Chartered Teachers in many ways. They continue to impact upon the curriculum employing the skills and knowledge acquired through reading and research of educational theory. The Chartered Teacher Programme has empowered them to gain confidence in experimentation with new methodologies and current approaches to Learning and Teaching. Many Chartered teachers have incorporated AifL techniques, collaborative learning and self-evaluation into their daily practice. They are highly committed to their continuing personal development.
Several Chartered Teachers informed the Dutch visitors of the work involved in their individual action based research projects. These projects were initially undertaken as part of their CT studies.
These included the following:
It is evident that the extent to which Chartered Teachers can impact upon the curriculum can vary and be restricted by the schools in which they teach. A greater understanding of the CT qualification is required. The Head of Establishments should recognise that the Chartered Teacher is a valuable human resource. Given the collective experiences of the Chartered Teachers present, they are well equipped to support the implementation of ACFE, assist in Mentoring and advise staff in the GTCS update of Professional Standards. Many Chartered Teachers are active members of Learning and Teaching communities and are involved in projects such as curriculum development and interdisciplinary work.
The Dutch colleagues informed Chartered Teachers that they are part of the first cohort of a Pilot Masters programme. Unlike the GTCS model the Dutch programme is funded by their Government. On completion of the Masters qualification there is no financial reward. Depending on the particular route adopted, the Chartered Teachers present highlighted that they had invested sums of money ranging between £ 1,800 and £ 6,000 in their professional development. Extensive personal time had also been invested in pursuing individual research and study. Both Scottish and Dutch teachers faced the demands and challenges of managing their studies outwith the school day.
There is variation in teaching salaries paid in Holland as it is dependent on the school and the area in which they teach, even if the same subject discipline is involved.
Dutch teachers are nominated by the Head of Establishment to follow the Masters programme whereas Chartered Teachers were self-nominated. It was highlighted that the GTCS procedures were rigorous and that the acquisition of staff testimonials had been necessary to support the final portfolios.
Like Chartered Teachers, Dutch teachers were engaged in action based research projects. Some themes were similar. On completion of the Masters qualification the Dutch teachers are expected to promote the programme to other staff. It may be a rolling programme. However some teachers raised questions as to whether all teachers would be capable of meeting the standards required.
Both Scottish and Dutch teachers agreed that the qualifications were valuable. The personal learning that had taken place as part of the journey had transformed their practice.
Teachers in Holland and Scotland face similar challenges. The economy, government, educational directives and societal changes continue to impact upon their conditions and impose restrictions on the way teachers operate. Questions were raised regarding true professional autonomy versus prescriptive teaching.
This event was beneficial in learning about educational initiatives in Holland. Teachers from both countries would have enjoyed more time to exchange ideas. An online forum would promote further discussion from which all teachers involved could enhance their professional development.
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I was impressed about how much further ahead than Scotland Holland seems to be with regard to vocational education, and several of the teachers were involved in areas like nursing education and education for horticulture. The group of teachers I held discussions with told me that some pupils make a choice at the age of 12 about the route they are going to follow: academic or vocational. Vocational education also doesn’t seem to have the stigma that it has here. In fact one teacher told me that the group that seemed to have the most problems as far as perception was concerned was the lower performing academic group.
I was also interested to find out from one teacher that Dutch schools don’t have a catchment area, and so have to attract pupils, if they don’t succeed in doing this and numbers fall, teachers can lose their jobs and ultimately the school could close. The other thing that amazed me was that someone who had only been qualified for less than two two years was able to become a head of department. The teacher concerned explained to me that there was a shortage of teachers in Holland because people could earn far more in industry and commerce, so it was possible to become a head of department very rapidly. Obviously this is very different to the situation in Scotland! He did, however, point out that the situation was beginning to change because of the financial crisis in the Eurozone.
Several of the teachers told me that they had been very impressed by the efforts teachers at Govan High made to help pupils from deprived backgrounds achieve their potential. Two of them told me they had been shocked by the levels of multiple deprivation that some pupils at the school faced, as these were much greater than they faced in their own establishments. They thought the teachers there were doing an excellent job and found their visit there highly stimulating.
A presentation by one member of the group also had interesting ideas for helping pupils move on from a “plateau” of achievement in Maths, while another presentation looked at the performance of teachers throughout their careers, noted that performance tended to level off on a graph and decline, and suggested ways of reversing this decline and moving the graph upwards. Levelling off and decline in teaching performance can also be an issue in Scotland, and obviously collaborative work with colleagues and professional CPD of the type envisaged in the Donaldson Report has an important role to play in re-energising teachers.
Sheila Waddell
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An ACTS committee member had positive informal discussions with the Dutch course leader and, in the near future, this may see Dutch teachers writing for SERA’s online journal Researching Education Bulletin. ACTS has successfully run teachers-as-researchers seminars in co-operation with British universities and one suggestion put forward is to extend this to Amsterdam University.
One teacher presented his findings about inter faith dialogue derived from a recently completed MSc dissertation at Oxford University. The twenty pupils in S3 and S4 involved with this action research project responded positively to a series of teacher-led interventions. Analysis of their conversations revealed clear evidence that the pupils developed skills in both cumulative talk – whereby they built positively but uncritically on each other’s dialogue; and exploratory talk – in which they engaged critically but constructively with each other’s ideas. The teacher has been sufficiently encouraged to make a proposal to the Scottish Government that an anti-sectarianism project be established.
Dear colleagueI would like to invite you to attend the next ACTS event, to be held at Hilhead High School in Glasgow on Saturday 26th May. Please email actscotland@yahoo.com if you plan to attend.9.15 (for 9.30am) – 11.30am: ACTS engagement meeting with Education Scotland around the matter of ‘Moving forward with teacher professional learning’ (pre-event notes will be issued upon confirming attendance). An ACTS committee meeting will follow this meeting, to which all are invited.I look forward to hearing from you.RegardsDavid Noble
All educationalists are invited to the CT Futures summit at Stirling Management Centre (SMC) on Saturday, 8th October from 9.45am – 12.30pm. The venue can be found here. Presently, seventy-five delegates have confirmed they will attend.
The morning will consist of:
9.30 – 10.00am Arrival and refreshments
10.00 – 10.15am Welcome from ACTS Chair
10.20 – 10.50am Speeches
10.55 – 11.30am Conversations 1
11.35am – 12.10pm Conversations 2
12.10 – 12.30pm Summit agrees on collective vision for Chartered Teacher
12.30pm Final remarks
Lunch in SMC (optional, from £15).
Refreshments and wifi internet access will be available throughout the morning.
In preparation for the event, please consider reading over the articles which are being published regularly on the ACTS website.
The Association of Chartered Teachers Scotland (ACTS) has launched a campaign to save the Chartered Teacher Scheme. As part of the campaign, a CT Futures Summit will be held at Stirling Management Centre on Saturday 8th October.
David Noble, Chair of ACTS, said: “Those of us who have long believed in enhanced professionalism are strongly opposed to the stance against Chartered Teacher taken by the McCormac Review team. Recommendation 19, which calls for the abolition of Chartered Teacher, is not supported by the summary and conclusions of the Analysis of the Call for Evidence Responses.
“ACTS is committed to working with educators throughout Scotland to develop a blueprint for the future of Chartered Teacher that is based around existing good practice and recognition that there is strong demand for ongoing development and change to the scheme.
“We aim to provide the SNCT and GTCS with a clear and sustainable vision of how chartered teachers and those ‘on the route’ will develop and contribute in the future.
“ACTS invite all those who are interested in the future of Chartered Teacher to email actscotland@yahoo.com and join us in Stirling on the morning of 8th October.”
On Saturday, 11th June, ACTS and the University of the West of Scotland hosted a ‘Teachers as Writers’ event; part of a ‘Teachers as Researchers’ series organised by ACTS in partnership with several providers of Chartered Teacher studies and sponsored by the General Teaching Council for Scotland.
Thanks to Douglas MacGregor for capturing the event, above.
Click below for the presentations from our keynote speakers:
Walter Humes, Visiting Professor of Education at the University of Stirling: Writing for Self and Others: from personal projects to published output
Ross Deuchar, Professor of Research in Education at the University of the West of Scotland: Snacks, Sandwiches and Binges! The Journey towards Writing for Publication
ACTS would like to thank Walter and Ross for this valuable support and for giving up their time to make such rich contributions to our event.
Some delegates spoke about chartered teachers finding it difficult to access academic journals. Last year, ACTS published some useful information and we continue to explore this issue. Assistance and advice would be welcome!
Delegates took part in learning conversations during the event. Some brief feedback can be read, below.
Delegates took part in learning conversations during the event. Some brief feedback can be read, below.
Yellow group:
Shared areas previously researched.
Much research work done by teachers needs to be disseminated more widely. This would assist other researchers with literature reviews, and provide a basis for others to research further. How can researchers publicise their findings?
The attitude of colleagues to chartered teachers’ research can be variable.
Orange group:
Shared research areas
Points made:
CT research needs wider audience to increase impact. TESS and GTCS have published reports on practitioner research.
Could we develop a facility within ACTS for chartered teachers to ‘drop in’ articles and summaries of work, research and writing?
Could researchers seek out critical friends via ACTS?
Third Group:
The points discussed:
•building flexibility – the right to choose the area of writing the teacher wants to be involved in
•broader circulation of the teacher’s knowledge
•how best to support other colleagues
•culture of collaboration is needed
•differences between how primary and secondary schools work
•are head teachers competent/informed about what support they should give teachers?
• does the management trust professional development?
Further observations:
One headteacher in a small primary encouraged teachers to take on research.
Where there is lack of confidence to submit an article for publication, it may help to submit an abstract in advance of the whole article for feedback.
Access to academic journals: these can be booked online from the Edinburgh Reading Rooms in advance of a visit.
More learning conversation write-ups to follow.
The following questions and points were noted by facilitators of the ‘learning conversations’ which immediately followed Graham Donaldson’s keynote on his Review of Teacher Education in Scotland.
We are happy to share these questions and points, though note that they do not necessarily reflect the stance of ACTS and its committee.
Questions
How do we retain and support excellent teachers?
Do we support student teachers well enough to have them stay in the profession?
What are the job prospects for new teachers?
Why do we retain incompetent teachers, knowing that regardless of support and mentoring engagements, they often resist opportunities to ‘upskill’?
Chartered Teachers see their professional development as a lifelong process, so where to now? What opportunities will exist and how can Chartered Teachers develop to use their own skills base?
If local authorities select potential Chartered Teachers, how can equity be maintained between councils?
How can the best candidates be attracted to become Chartered Teachers, if the goal posts keep changing?
Who will be expected to study, and pay for, the new Masters?
Will the new Masters be worked towards at school or at home?
Who presently pays for a Chartered Teacher’s enhanced salary?
‘Extras’ (music, foreign languages etc) are vital to cognitive development, raising standards and economic investment. How can local authorities and government be persuaded to see these as valuable and not ‘cuttable’ in times of financial stringency?
“I have a young teacher in our school (reaching the top of the payscale, mid 30’s, excellent teacher). Where next for her?”
“My colleague wanted to go down the Chartered Teacher route. What do I tell him now?”
Graham Donaldson: Does your support for the concept and values of the Chartered Teacher programme translate into support for its current manifestation?
What will a Chartered Teacher be expected to do if there is a move from it being a status to it being a job or more defined role?
With the demise of the role of Principal Teacher in some local authorities, what will be the impact on Chartered Teachers?
How do we attract the right people into teaching given the changes ahead in the next 20-30 years?
How will policy (at national and local level) lead and support the aspiration to switch from ‘narrow accountant’ (and trust and autonomy) towards more meaningful professional responsibility based on autonomy?
What have been/are the factors at local authority and school level which have led to the effective engagement and implementation of the Curriculum for Excellence? What are the barriers, for example financial, organisational and cultural?
How do we promote genuine, effective professional collaboration?
Given current proposals and the financial situation, will Chartered Teacher continue to exist?
Without a Chartered Teacher programme and with fewer management posts in schools, what will be the career structure for teachers in the future?
Points raised
There is a current lack of analysis of the types of contributions that Chartered Teachers make. When this is evaluated, perhaps Chartered Teachers can be used for the greater good of their school.
Appropriate CPD is required for Chartered Teachers.
The proposal to increase the partnership between student teacher, university and school is welcome.
As there are no student teachers of Special Education, perhaps this should become a greater focus of the new undergraduate course.
Reductions in support staff is concerning.
A ‘third space’ could be created to allow for appropriate opportunities to have discussion at/between/across all levels, to enable understanding of policies and processes for taking them into practice.
Leadership should be focused on improving teaching and learning.
There is a conflict between schools focusing on skills and focusing on exam results.
Moving policy into practice is complex.
Policy should be critically reflected upon by all.
Inequality must be addressed in a systematic way. Dealing with the widening gap, socially and economically, is only partly within the remit of education.
Developing a learning ethos throughout schools will lead to a mindset change, raising expectations and standards.
There are many leaders in schools, often leading in different ways. This makes definition of leadership difficult.
The Curriculum for Excellence is often wrongly claimed to be ‘being done’. Chartered Teachers may be in a position to highlight this and move implementation forward.
As things are fast-paced just now, Chartered Teachers need to shout about where they see themselves fitting in the new era.
Chartered Teachers should share their expertise and be ‘co-problem solvers’.
The notion of the ‘expert teacher’ needs clarification.
Chartered Teachers could take a role within new mentoring arrangements.
Managers in schools and education establishments need to change their systems to allow Chartered Teachers to achieve the aspirations as identified by Graham Donaldson.
The reality of the Curriculum for Excellence is more complex and radical than it is generally portrayed. Where will the push or dynamic for change come from, given the influence of past practice on managers and teachers, and the constraints of short term bureaucratic school improvement cycles often based more on self justification than self education?
True collegiality means an open ethos that should encompass activist teachers playing a full part in developments.
Chartered Teachers are well placed to play a significant and supportive role in the new teacher education partnership model envisaged by The Donaldson Report.
Some noted the manner in which other professions used ‘Chartered ‘status and commented on the incongruity of education seemingly considering a move away from such a positive concept.
The following presenters have kindly provided ACTS with a copy of their Conference 2011 presentation. Click on each link below to open or save. Please respect that the content of each presentation belongs to the presenter.
Professor Christopher Day, University of Nottingham. Critical reflection on the conference
Christine Bruce, Chartered Teacher Parkhead Primary School West Lothian Council. Emotional literacy in the early years 3-8
Bob Cook and Catriona Oates, National CPD Team. Professional review and development: The wicked issue
Clare Bryden, Chartered Teacher, Oban High School, Argyll and Bute. Changing circumstances, changing approaches – the challenges of changing school and region as a Chartered Teacher
David Cameron, Independent Consultant. The big learning pathways
Donny Scott, Service Manager, Children and Families, City of Edinburgh. Non-aligned cultures: do some important keys to success lie outside the classroom?
Dr Alison Fox, University of Stirling. Leading collaborative professional enquiry in your own establishment: the costs and benefits
Joe McGeer, School of Education, University of the West of Scotland. The chartered teacher scheme in Scotland. Its creation and impact until 2010
Professor Ross Deuchar, University of West of Scotland. Learning to write again: Moving from thesis to publication
Sandra Nicol and Anne Halsall, University of Aberdeen. Leading for learning
Tom Hamilton and Rosa Murray, General Teaching Council Scotland. Chartered teacher and accomplished teaching